Listwar Roulet
Listwar roulet pas par enn leksperyans fizik ki finn rate, enn lasal zwe dan Pari, de frer dan enn lavil-ter Alman, ek kazino ki finn fer enn sel kaz ver vinn standar eropeen.
Avan rou-la
- 1654
Pascal ek Fermat: problem bann pwen; valer atandi.
Valer atandi dan roulet - 1655Enn rou san okenn bi
Blaise Pascal, ki ti pe rod enn masinn mouvman perpetiel, konstrir enn rou ki tourne ek ki byen balanse. Masinn-la rate; rou-la reste, enn aparey preske san frotman ki paret aleatwar.
Blaise Pascal: lalegenn rou roulet - 1657
Huygens pibliye premie tret lor lesperans.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: lalwa gran nonb.
Konverzans lor enn long dire: lalwa gran nonb dan roulet - Bann lane 1740Roly-poly ek E.O.
Bann lakaz zwe angle fer tourn rou avek bann kaz per ek inper. Bann zwe-la inn interdi plizir fwa, sa ki pous bann varyant ver Lerop kontinantal.
Kisannla ki ti invant roulet? Lorizinn roulet - 1754
d’Alembert pibliye enn erer rezonman ki plitar inn gagn so nom kouma enn sistem.
Stratezi roulet D'Alembert - 1758
Nouvel Frans (Kebek) interdi de, hoca, faro ek “roulette”: enn bann premie dokiman ki servi sa nom-la pou enn zwe azar.
- lane 1760
“Martingale” rant dan diksioner franse kouma enn mo zargo zwer.
Stratezi roulet Martingale
Zwe-la
- 1796Pari, Palais-Royal
Roman Jaques Lablée, La Roulette, dekrir enn rou avek de kaz pou kazino, 0 ek 00, dan enn lakaz zwe Palais-Royal. Sa se premie deskripsion konple zwe modern-la.
Roulet dan literatir - lane 1800
Bann rou amerikin azout enn kaz leg: trwa nimero pou kazino.
Rou ek regleman roulet amerikin - 1837
Lafrans interdi kazino; zwe-la al dan bann lavil-ter Alman.
- 1841
Bann frer Blanc pran konsesion Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François ek Louis Blanc ouver enn kazino dan sa lavil-ter Alman-la ek tir doub zero. Rou enn zero-la koup lavantaz kazino an de ek atir bann zwer lwin ar bann resort rival.
Bad Homburg ek kazino bann lavil-ter - 1863Monte Carlo
Kan zwe inn vinn interdi partou an Almagn, Blanc pran kazino Monako ki ti pe al mal. Monte Carlo vinn referans pou roulet eropeen; enn sel zero vinn so standar.
Roulet Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler (Zwer-la).
Roulettenburg Dostoevsky - 1868
Semin-de-fer depi Nice ziska Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monako aboli lager lor lerevni.
- 1872
Lapris ferm bann kazino Alman.
Zwer ek test
- lane 1870
Labouchère fer sistem anilasion vinn popiler dan Londres.
Stratezi roulet Labouchère - anviron 1880Rou Jagger
Joseph Jagger, enn biznesman tekstil Yorkshire, fer note bann rou Monte Carlo ek parye lor bann nimero ki sorti tro souvan. Li gagn enn fortinn; kazino-la sanz plas bann rou, apre ranplas zot.
Joseph Jagger: so stratezi roulet Monte Carlo - 1891Bonom ki ti kas labank
Charles Wells fini zeton enn latab plizir fwa dan enn kouma zour, ek sa donn enn sanson music-hall. Bann lankett pa trouv okenn sistem, zis lasans ek, pli tar, fros ailer.
Zom ki ti kas labank - 1900
Pearson pibliye test ki-kare avek done bann tour Monte Carlo.
Test ki-kare - 1907
Lafrans relegaliz kazino dan bann lavil-ter ek lavil bor lamer.
- 1913
26 nwar enn deryer lot dan Monte Carlo.
Erer zwer - 1931
Nevada legaliz zwe kazino.
Rou roulet Las Vegas - lane 1940
Ulam ek von Neumann donn nom metod Monte Carlo.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond parye lor de douzenn lor roulet.
Stratezi roulet James Bond - 1961
Thorp ek Shannon konstrir premie ordinater lor lekor pou roulet.
Ordinater roulet - 1965
Dubins ek Savage prouve ki zwe ardi li optimal dan bann zwe ki defavorab.
- 1969
Letid Thorp eksplike kifer okenn sistem pari pa bat enn zwe ki ena lesperans negatif.
Mit: enn stratezi roulet ki touzour gagne - 1977–81
Bann ordinater kasiet Eudaemons dan Nevada: anba lebra an 1978, dan enn soulie an 1981.
Bann Eudaemon - 1985
Nevada fer bann aparey prediksion vinn enn krim. Bass pibliye The Eudaemonic Pie.
Triche dan roulet
Zwe modern
- 20em syekDepi lavil-ter ziska lekran
Roulet al Las Vegas avek doub zero ki retourne, apre lor bann latab RNG lor internet dan bann lane 1990 ek lor bann rou stidio an dirak dan bann lane 2000.
Roulet eropeen ouswa roulet amerikin - lane 1990
Fami García-Pelayo eksploit bann rou ki ena defo pre Madrid; zot interdi zot; tribinal anil sa interdiksion-la (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: so sistem roulet - 1996
Premie kazino lor internet avek roulet RNG.
Roulet an dirak ouswa roulet RNG - 2003–06
Roulet avek krupie an dirak difize depi bann stidio; Riga ek Malt vinn bann gran sant.
Kouma roulet an dirak marse - 2004
Lekip Ritz gagn £1.3m kan zot predir boul-la; enn laser ki dimounn ti koz lor la zame trouve; okenn akizasion.
Zwe avek lavantaz dan roulet - 2005
UK Gambling Act: lisans konple pou zwe a distans.
Roulet dan Royom-Ini - 2012
Small ek Tse pibliye fizik prediksion roulet.
Lafizik rou roulet - 2013
New Jersey lans bann kazino lor internet ki regile.
Roulet dan Lamerik - 2016
Roulet trip zero lor Strip Las Vegas.
Roulet trip zero - 2018
Tribinal anil linterdiksion federal Amerikin lor pari sportif; bann Leta fer zot prop lalwa.
- 2021
Lalmagn ek Oland donn lisans pou zwe kazino lor internet.
Roulet an Erop - 2026
Sa sit-la: sak dat lao-la, avek kalkil.
Sel lign ki konte
Dan de siek edmi, kot roulet inn sanze enn sel fwa an faver zwer (1843, enn zero retire) ek de fwa kont li (leg dan lane 1800, trip zero an 2016). Tou le reste, bann sistem, bann ordinater, bann stidio, bann lalimier, inn les kalkil-la kouma Lablée ti trouv li: 36/n − 1 kont enn rou ki ena enn kaz anplis ki sa.
Kestion
Sa ki Pascal. So bann eksperyans lor rou-la vre; me lien ar roulet se zis enn tradision.
Pandan 19em siek; lord eropeen ki servi ozordi ti deza standar dan lepok Monte Carlo.
Probableman enn dat reglemanter. Rou-la, li fini.
Enpe riye
De siek edmi, enn sel amelyorasion, de regresion, boukou zistwar.
Sours
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.