Zwer roulet ki popiler
Bann zwer roulet fame ki ti bat rou-la, ek komie letan sa ti dire.
Bann gagnan dokimante ti eksploit fizik, pa bann model: rou ki ena defolaboratwarRou ki ena defoEnn rou kot bann defo fizik fer serten kaz pli probab ki 1/37. Rar, ou kapav detekte li zis avek plizier milye tour ki finn note.Lir tou → Jagger (ver 1880), Hibbs ek Walford dan Reno (1947), bann ordinater kasiet Eudaemons (1978), rezis defo fami García-Pelayo (lane 1990). Bann gagnan “sistem” fame, kouma Charles Wells, ti ena sans.
Joseph Jagger (1830–1892)
Enn biznesman tekstil depi Shelf, pre Bradford, ki so konpani Manchester ti fer fayit an 1860. Ver 1880 li ti al Monte Carlo, li ti fer anrezistre bann rou, ek li ti parye lor bann nimero ki ti sorti tro souvan. Premie rakont, liv Victor Bethell 1901, dir ki li ti gagn £120,000, li ti reperdi £40,000 ladan ek li ti ale avek apepre £80,000, apepre de milion fran, ek ki kazino-la ti premie sanz plas so bann rou depi enn latab ar enn lot sak swar ek apre ti komann nouvo rou avek separasion ki kapav bouze. Okenn zournal sa lepok-la pa ti koz lor sa gin-la, ek papie kazino pou sa bann lane-la inn disparet. So biograf Anne Fletcher (2018), so arier-arier-arier-nyes, met so premie vizit an 1880 ouswa 1881, pa an 1873 ouswa 1875 kouma bann ansien rakont. Sis komi ki li ti pey sorti kot Bethell; lalis nef nimero ek mark ki dimounn dir li ti grat dan enn rou aparet pou premie fwa an 1951, ek nanye pa soutenir zot. Kan li ti mor an 1892 so leritaz ti modes. Paz Joseph Jagger egzamin bann prev.
Charles Wells (1841–1922)
Enn eskro ek envanter ki ti ariv Monte Carlo an 1891 avek larzan ki li ti rod pou enn fos invansion ek ki ti kas labank plizir fwa an de-trwa zour, li ti gagn apepre £40,000 avek enn seri etonan. Li ti dir li ena enn sistem ki pa kapav rate ek zame li pa ti eksplik li. Li ti vinn “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” dan enn sanson music-hall, li ti reperdi enn parti larzan-la sa liver-la, ek li ti pas enn gran parti so lavi dan prizon pou fraud. Ki swa so sistem, so rezilta ti sans.
Hibbs ek Walford (1947)
An 1947 de etidian University of Chicago, Albert Hibbs, ki ti pe fini enn master an matematik, ek Roy Walford, enn etidian medsinn, ti pas enn vakans Reno pou anrezistre bann tour. Zot ti pe rod bann rou kot serten nimero ti sorti plis souvan ki 1 lor 38 permet, zot ti trouv serten, zot ti parye lor zot, ek zot ti al Las Vegas apre. Magazinn Life ti rakont zistwar-la an desam 1947 anba tit “How to Win $6,500”; bann rakont pli tar, ki swa sa ki Hibbs li-mem, donn total pli gro, ek Thorp, kan li ti ekrir an 1998, ti met li an 1949–50. Larzan-la ti pey enn bato a vwal 40 pie ek plis ki enn an dan Karaib. Hibbs ti al Jet Propulsion Laboratory, kot li ti vinn so lavwa piblik pli rekone, ek Walford ti vinn enn serser lor vieyisman. Zot gin se premie gin Amerikin bien dokimante grasa defo enn rou, ek se sa ki Thorp ti ena dan so lespri an 1955 kan li ti deside ki bann rou bien fabrike ti pou bizin bat zot avek fizik olie.
Norman Leigh (1966)
Dan lete 1966 Norman Leigh, enn Angle ki ti ekrir ki so papa ti ruine kot roulet, ti amenn enn lekip douz dimounn Casino Municipal dan Nice. Dapre so prop rakont zot ti zwe LabouchèrestrateziLabouchèreSistem anilasion: ekrir enn lign nimero, parye som le de bout, bar zot apre enn gin, azout miz ki ou perdi apre enn pert.Lir tou → envers lor sis sans egal lor de latab, zot ti gagn boukou pandan plizir swar, ek zot ti bizin arete kan kazino-la ti ferm bann latab ek ti interdi zot dan kazino Franse. So liv, Thirteen Against the Bank (1976), se sel temwagnaz konple, ek so bann kalkil pa kapav verifie. Sistem-la pa kapav eksplik zot: Labouchère envers kout 1.35% total paryelarzanTotal paryeTotal larzan ki ou parye lor enn sesion ouswa enn peryod, ek bann gin ki ou reparye ladan. Osi: handle, action.Lir tou → avek la partagereglemanLa partageRegleman franse: kan zero sorti, ou gagne lamwatie enn miz peman egal. Sa koup lavantaz kazino lor sa bann pari-la an de, ziska 1.35%.Lir tou → ek gagn zis dan enn sesion de tanzantan kot enn lign monte ziska maksimom (get Labouchère). Douz zwer lor sis sans pandan plizir swar zwe boukou sesion, de-trwa ladan ti bizin vinn gro gin, ek kazino ki ti ferm zwe-la ti anpes sans-la egalize.
Mit: enn stratezi roulet ki touzour gagneStratezi roulet Labouchère
Thorp ek Shannon (1961)
Edward Thorp, ki apre ti bat blackjack avek konte kart, ek Claude Shannon, fondater teori linformasion, ti konstrir premie ordinater lor lekor: enn aparey gran kouma enn pake sigaret ki ti kronometre boulekipmanBoulTi boul ki lanse dan simen-la dan sans kontrer rotor. Zordi bann boul an ivorine ouswa Teflon, 18–21 mm.Lir tou → ek rotorekipmanRotorParti rou-la ki tourne ek ki port bann kaz.Lir tou → ek ti avoy enn son dan enn ekouter pou dir enn wityem rou-la. Li ti mars dan sou-sol Shannon lor enn rou ki zot ti aste ek de tanzantan Las Vegas, kot bann fil ti kase ek ekouter-la ti vizib. Zot ti arete pou rezon pratik; Thorp ti anons sistem-la an 1966 ek ti dekrir li konple an 1979 ek 1984 (get Zwe avek lavantaz).
Bann Eudaemons (1976–1981)
Enn grup etidian fizik Santa Cruz ti konstrir ti ordinater dizital pou met lor zot dan enn kazino: enn zwer ti kronometre rou-la avek bann swits dan so lipie, ordinater ti predir enn sekterrouSekterEnn ark kaz ki swiv lor rou-la, pa enn group lor tapi pari.Lir tou →, ek enn deziem zwer ti resevwar prediksion-la par vibrasion ek ti parye lor la. An 1977 ek 1978 ordinater-la ti atase anba lebra; enn version pli tar, mont dan semel enn soulie, ti al Las Vegas an novam 1981 ek lebrwi elektrik bann kazino ti bat li. Zot test ti promet enn lavantaz 44%, ek zot premie long sesion lor enn vre latab ti donn apepre 25%. Materyel-la rarman ti mars lontan: bann fil lake, bann sok elektrik ek enn fwa enn brilir akoz enn fil ki ti tro so ti fer boukou sesion fini. Zot ti gagn de-trwa mil dolar avek miz dis ek vin-sink sou, zot ti depans apepre $15,000 ek zot ti les enn bon liv. Paz Eudaemons rakont zistwar-la.
Jagger · defo · ti fer anrezistre bann rou ek ti parye lor nimero ki ti an avans. Kazino-la ti sanz plas so bann rou, apre ti ranplas zot.
Wells · sans · enn long seri ek enn sistem ki li zame pa finn eksplike. Li ti reperdi enn parti sa liver-la.
Hibbs & Walford · defo · ti anrezistre tour dan Reno ek Las Vegas. Life ti rakont zistwar-la; zot ti aste enn bato.
Thorp & Shannon · kronometraz · premie ordinater lor lekor. Materyel tro frazil pou lasal kazino.
Jarecki · defo · ziska enn mwa rezis par rou, sirtou Sanremo. Plis ki $1.2 milion dapre boukou rakont; interdi, apre reaksepte.
Eudaemons · kronometraz · ordinater kasiet dan Nevada. Lavantaz vre, elektronik pa fiab.
García-Pelayo · defo · 5,000 tour anrezistre par rou pre Madrid. Interdi; tribinal ti anil linterdiksion.
Lekip Ritz · prediksion · £1.3m an de swar. Lapres ti koz lor enn laser; okenn pa ti zame trouve. Zot ti gard larzan.
Richard Jarecki (1931–2018)
Enn dokter Amerikin ne an Lalmagn ki, avek so madam Carol ek de-trwa ed, ti anrezistre bann rou enn sel zerorouZeroSel kaz ver ki okenn pari peman egal, douzenn ouswa kolonn pa kouver; sours lavantaz kazino. Osi: enn sel zero, 0.Lir tou → dan kazino Eropeen dan lane 1960 ek koumansman lane 1970, sirtou Sanremo, ek ti parye lor nimero ki ti sorti tro souvan. Dapre Carol Jarecki, enn sel rou ti kapav pran plis ki 10,000 tour ek ziska enn mwa. Enn nekrolozi 2018 dir ki dapre boukou rakont li ti gagn plis ki $1.2 milion; sa sif-la zame pa ti verifie. Li ti dir zournalis ki enn ordinater University of London ti kas zwe-la; enn nekrolozi 2018 ek istorien roulet Russell Barnhart dekrir sa kouma enn kouvertir pou zis lobservasion. Sanremo ti dimann li pa vini an zanvie 1969, ti interdi li kouma zwer profesionel an fevriye ek ti reaksepte li an de-trwa zour, ti sanz plas so bann latab, ek finalman ti ranplas apepre de douzenn rou. Li ti retourn Leta-Ini an 1973 ouswa 1974. Bann rapor lepok donn plis detay.
Gonzalo García-Pelayo (ne an 1947)
Enn prodikter dis ek realizater film Espagnol ki, avek so zanfan ek so neve, ti anrezistre apepre 5,000 tour par rou Casino Gran Madrid, deor lavil, depi lafin 1991, ek ti parye lor bann kazekipmanKazEnn bann 37 konpartiman avek nimero lor rotor. Osi: slot, cup.Lir tou → ki ti an avans. Dapre so prop sif pli bon kaz-la ti gagn enn fwa lor 28 tour ek lavantaz ti apepre 6%; li dir gin-la ti ant 200 ek 250 milion peseta dan plizir kazino. Kazino-la ti interdi fami-la, gouvernman ti anil linterdiksion, ek bann apel kazino-la ti rate, dernie-la dan Lakour Siprem an zin 2004. Lakour ti dir ki bann zwer ti servi zot lintelizans ek enn ordinater e nanye plis, ek ki repons legal enn kazino se sanz plas so bann rou, sanz zot bann pies ouswa konstrir zot pli bien. Paz Gonzalo García-Pelayo rakont tou.
Trwa Ritz-la (2004)
Trwa zwer, de zom ek enn fam depi ansien Yougoslavi ek Ongri, ti gagn apepre £1.3 milion pandan de swar an mars 2004 dan Ritz Club Londres, kan zot ti parye tar lor bann ti grup nimero vwazin. Bann zournal ti dir ti ena enn skaner laser kasiet dan enn telefonn; okenn aparey koumsa pa ti zame montre. Zot ti arete ek larg zot, ek an desam 2004 lapolis ti les tom lafer-la ek ti rann zot larzan, akoz ansien lalwa kont triche pa ti kouver seki zot ti fer. Rakont Bloomberg an 2023 lor sef-la, enn Kroat ki dimounn konn kouma Niko Tosa, dekrir prediksion avek lizie lor enn rou ki ti enpe panse, pa enn gadzet. Gambling Act 2005 ti ranplas ansien lofans avek enn lofans triche pli larz, an viger depi 2007; si li kouver prediksion avek lizie, sa zame pa finn teste dan tribinal. Se ti dernie gro gin piblik kont roulet par prediksion.
Seki bann zwer roulet ki ti reisi ena an komin
Sak gagnan dokimante swa ti mezir rou-la (Jagger, Hibbs ek Walford, Jarecki, García-Pelayo) swa ti predir boul-la (Thorp, Eudaemons, lekip Ritz). Okenn pa ti gagne avek enn model pari, ek sel zwer sistem fame-la, Wells, ti rann enn parti dan de-trwa mwa ek ti fini dan prizon. Sak metod ki zot ti servi, kazino inn fini par blok li kan zot finn sanz rou-la, regleman ouswa lalwa. Bann paz Laboratwar eksplik bann metod; sa paz-la eksplik kifer ou finn tann koz lor si pe dimounn.
Kestion
Pa an piblik, ek bann kondision ki ti permet li inn elimine par lenzenieri.
Enn zafer ki dimounn kontan dir. So biograf dir zis ki bann zenealozis inn sizere ki ena enn lien lwin; nanye pa finn pibliye pou montre li.
Akoz anrezistre pa sanz nanye lor enn rou ki bien antretenir, ek akoz interdi bann kaye pa bon pou biznes. Zot antretenir bann rou olie.
Enpe riye
Bann inzenier ti mezir rou-la. Tou lezot inn gagn enn sanson.
Sours
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Thorp, E. O. “The invention of the first wearable computer.”
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Fletcher, A. From the Mill to Monte Carlo.
- Quinn, R. The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo.
- Leigh, N. Thirteen Against the Bank.
- Life. “How to Win $6,500: Two student theoreticians invent system for beating roulette wheel.”
- The New York Times. “Richard Jarecki, Doctor Who Conquered Roulette, Dies at 86.”
- Bethell, V. Monte Carlo Anecdotes and Systems of Play.
- Sampedro, J. “Los ‘tecnotahúres’ vuelven al casino.”